Wall ties are essential components in masonry construction, providing structural stability and resistance to lateral loads such as wind and seismic forces. These ties connect the inner and outer layers of masonry walls, ensuring they act as a single cohesive unit. Proper selection and installation of wall ties are critical for maintaining the integrity and safety of masonry structures.

Main types of wall ties

Wire Wall Ties

Made of galvanised steel wire, these ties are commonly used in cavity wall construction. They feature a double-loop design that securely connects the inner and outer walls of masonry, while allowing for differential movement.

Twist Ties

Twist ties consist of a single piece of galvanised steel wire twisted into a spiral shape. They are suitable for various masonry applications, including securing brick veneers to structural walls and attaching masonry to concrete or steel frames.

Plate Ties

Plate ties are flat metal plates with integral anchors or prongs that penetrate the mortar joints of masonry walls. They provide robust connections between walls and are often used in retrofitting or reinforcing existing masonry structures.

Adjustable Ties

Adjustable ties feature a telescopic design that allows for length adjustment to accommodate variations in wall thickness or alignment. They provide flexibility during construction and are suitable for irregular or non-standard masonry configurations.

Installation Considerations

Spacing

Wall ties should be spaced at regular intervals according to engineering specifications and building codes. Proper spacing ensures uniform distribution of loads and prevents excessive deflection or deformation of the masonry walls.

Embedment

Wall ties must be embedded securely into the mortar joints of both walls to achieve adequate anchorage and transfer of loads. Improper embedment can compromise the integrity of the wall assembly and lead to structural failure.

Corrosion Resistance

Galvanised steel wall ties are preferred for their corrosion resistance, especially in exterior applications where exposure to moisture and environmental factors can accelerate corrosion. Stainless steel ties may be used in corrosive environments.

Expansion and Contraction

Wall ties should accommodate thermal expansion and contraction of masonry materials to prevent stress buildup and cracking. Flexible ties or joints may be used to accommodate movement without compromising structural integrity.