Masonry blocks and bricks are fundamental building materials used in construction for their durability, strength, and versatility. These materials are commonly made from clay, concrete, or other natural or synthetic materials and are utilised in various structural applications, including walls, foundations, partitions, and facades.

Main types of masonry

Concrete Blocks (CMUs - Concrete Masonry Units)

Concrete blocks are made from Portland cement, aggregates, and water, moulded into rectangular or square shapes.

Clay Bricks

Clay bricks are manufactured from clay, shale, or other natural minerals, shaped into rectangular units, and fired in kilns to harden.

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Blocks

AAC blocks are lightweight, precast concrete blocks made from sand, cement, lime, and aluminium powder, which undergo autoclaving to create air bubbles and increase insulation properties. They are known for their thermal efficiency, fire resistance, and ease of handling and installation.

Hollow Clay Blocks

Hollow clay blocks are similar to clay bricks but feature hollow cores, providing enhanced thermal insulation, reduced weight, and improved acoustic properties.

Glass Blocks

Glass blocks are translucent or transparent blocks made from glass, typically used for decorative purposes, interior partitions, or as infill materials in walls to provide natural light while maintaining privacy and visual interest.

Advantages of masonry

Strength and Durability

Masonry blocks and bricks offer excellent compressive strength, durability, and resistance to fire, moisture, pests, and natural elements.

Versatility

Masonry blocks and bricks are versatile building materials suitable for various construction applications, including load-bearing walls, retaining walls, partitions, fireplaces, chimneys, and decorative features.

Thermal Insulation

Some masonry blocks and bricks, such as hollow blocks and AAC blocks, provide good thermal insulation properties.

Acoustic Performance

Masonry construction offers good acoustic insulation, dampening sound transmission between rooms and floors.

Points to consider

Construction Techniques

Construction techniques, including mortar selection, bonding patterns, and wall reinforcement, are essential for achieving structural integrity.

Weather Conditions

Masonry blocks and bricks should be protected from exposure to harsh weather conditions during construction and curing to prevent damage.

Expansion Joints

Expansion joints should be incorporated into masonry walls to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction, reducing the risk of cracking and structural damage over time.